References

Class A

AER

  1. Sanschagrin F, Bejaoui N, Levesque RC. Structure of CARB-4 and AER-1 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1998Aug;42(8):1966-72. PubMed PMID: 9687391

AST

  1. Sanschagrin F, Bejaoui N, Levesque RC. Structure of CARB-4 and AER-1 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1998Aug;42(8):1966-72. PubMed PMID: 9687391

BPS

  1. Cheung TK, Ho PL, Woo PC, Yuen KY, Chau PY. Cloning and expression of class A beta-lactamase gene blaA(BPS) in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Apr;46(4):1132-5.PubMed PMID: 11897607

  2. Ho PL, Cheung TK, Yam WC, Yuen KY. Characterization of a laboratory-generated variant of BPS beta-lactamase from Burkholderia pseudomallei that hydrolyses ceftazidime. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Nov;50(5):723-6.PubMed PMID: 12407130

BEL

  1. Glupczynski Y, Bogaerts P, Deplano A, Berhin C, Huang TD, Van Eldere J,Rodriguez-Villalobos H. Detection and characterization of class A extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Belgian hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 May;65(5):866-71. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq048. Epub 2010 Mar 3.PubMed PMID: 20200037

  2. Poirel L, Docquier JD, De Luca F, Verlinde A, Ide L, Rossolini GM, Nordmann P.BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):533-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00859-09. Epub 2009 Nov 2.PubMed PMID: 19884378

  3. Juan C, Zamorano L, Pérez JL, Ge Y, Oliver A; Spanish Group for the Study of Pseudomonas; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases. Activity of a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR264205), against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb;54(2):846-51. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00834-09. Epub 2009 Nov 23.PubMed PMID: 19933793

  4. Poirel L, Brinas L, Verlinde A, Ide L, Nordmann P. BEL-1, a novel clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron In 120 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Sep;49(9):3743-8.PubMed PMID: 16127048

BES

  1. Forsman M, Häggström B, Lindgren L, Jaurin B. Molecular analysis of beta-lactamases from four species of Streptomyces:comparison of amino acid sequences with Those of other beta-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol.1990Mar;136(3):589-98.PubMed PMID: 2391

BLAF

  1. Forsman M, Häggström B, Lindgren L, Jaurin B. Molecular analysis of beta-lactamases from four species of Streptomyces:comparison of amino acid sequences with Those of other beta-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol.1990Mar;136(3):589-98.PubMed PMID: 2391

BRO

  1. Davie JJ, Earl J, de Vries SP, Ahmed A, Hu FZ, Bootsma HJ, Stol K, Hermans PW, Wadowsky RM, Ehrlich GD, Hays JP, Campagnari AA. Comparative analysis and supragenome modeling of twelve Moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates. BMC Genomics. 2011 Jan 26;12:70. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-70. PubMed PMID: 21269504

  2. Nagano N, Sato J, Cordevant C, Nagano Y, Taguchi F, Inoue M. Presumed endocarditis caused by BRO beta-lactamase-producing Moraxella lacunata in an infant with Fallot's tetrad. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Nov;41(11):5310-2.PubMed PMID: 14605192

  3. Bootsma HJ, van Dijk H, Verhoef J, Fleer A, Mooi FR. Molecular characterization of the BRO beta-lactamase of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Apr;40(4):966-72.PubMed PMID: 8849261

BIC

  1. Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River,Paris, France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):328-32. doi:10.1128/AAC.00961-09. Epub 2009 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 19901091

Blaz

  1. Wang PZ, Novick RP. Nucleotide sequence and expression of the beta-lactamase gene from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 1987 Apr;169(4):1763-6.PubMed PMID: 3104315

CSP

  1. Guillon H, Eb F, Mammeri H. Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 May;54(5):2231-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00791-09. Epub 2010 Mar 22.PubMed PMID: 20308380

CTXM

  1. Gazouli M, Tzelepi E, Markogiannakis A, Legakis NJ, Tzouvelekis LS. Two novel plasmid-mediated cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases (CTX-M-5 and CTX-M-6)from Salmonella typhimurium. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 Aug 15;165(2):289-93.PubMed PMID: 9742701

  2. Gazouli M, Tzelepi E, Sidorenko SV, Tzouvelekis LS. Sequence of the gene encoding a plasmid-mediated cefotaxime-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase(CTX-M-4): involvement of serine 237 in cephalosporin hydrolysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 May;42(5):1259-62. PubMed PMID: 9593162

  3. Bauernfeind A, Stemplinger I, Jungwirth R, Ernst S, Casellas JM. Sequences of beta-lactamase genes encoding CTX-M-1 (MEN-1) and CTX-M-2 and relationship oftheir amino acid sequences with those of other beta-lactamases. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 1996 Feb;40(2):509-13. PubMed PMID: 8834913

  4. Gazouli M, Legakis NJ, Tzouvelekis LS. Effect of substitution of Asn forArg-276 in the cefotaxime-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-4. FEMSMicrobiol Lett. 1998 Dec 15;169(2):289-93. PubMed PMID: 9868772

  5. Karfunkel D, Carmeli Y, Chmelnitsky I, Kotlovsky T, Navon-Venezia S. Theemergence and dissemination of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 causing community-onset bacteremia in Israel. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2013 Apr;32(4):513-21. doi: 10.1007/s10096-012-1765-9. Epub 2012 Nov 2. PubMedPMID: 23117265

  6. Soge OO, Queenan AM, Ojo KK, Adeniyi BA, Roberts MC. CTX-M-15extended-spectrum(beta)-lactamase from Nigerian Klebsiella pneumoniae. JAntimicrob Chemother. 2006Jan;57(1):24-30. Epub 2005 Nov 30. PubMed PMID:16319181

  7. Poirel L, Naas T, Le Thomas I, Karim A, Bingen E, Nordmann P. CTX-M-typeextended-spectrum beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes ceftazidime through a singleamino acid substitution in the omega loop. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001Dec;45(12):3355-61. PubMed PMID: 11709308

  8. Munday CJ, Boyd DA, Brenwald N, Miller M, Andrews JM, Wise R, Mulvey MR,Hawkey PM. Molecular and kinetic comparison of the novel extended-spectrumbeta-lactamases CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004Dec;48(12):4829-34. PubMed PMID: 15561863

  9. Liu W, Chen L, Li H, Duan H, Zhang Y, Liang X, Li X, Zou M, Xu L, Hawkey PM.Novel CTX-M {beta}-lactamase genotype distribution and spread into multiplespecies of Enterobacteriaceae in Changsha, Southern China. J AntimicrobChemother. 2009 May;63(5):895-900. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkp068. Epub 2009 Mar 18.PubMed PMID: 19297379

  10. Kariuki S, Corkill JE, Revathi G, Musoke R, Hart CA. Molecularcharacterization of a novel plasmid-encoded cefotaximase (CTX-M-12) found inclinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Jul;45(7):2141-3. PubMed PMID: 11408239

  11. Bonnet R, Recule C, Baraduc R, Chanal C, Sirot D, De Champs C, Sirot J. Effectof D240G substitution in a novel ESBL CTX-M-27. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003Jul;52(1):29-35. Epub 2003 May 29. PubMed PMID: 12775683

  12. Chen Y, Delmas J, Sirot J, Shoichet B, Bonnet R. Atomic resolution structures of CTX-M beta-lactamases: extended spectrum activities from increased mobilityand decreased stability. J MolBiol. 2005 Apr 29;348(2):349-62. PubMed PMID:15811373

  13. Zong Z, Partridge SR, Thomas L, Iredell JR. Dominance of blaCTX-M within anAustralian extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene pool. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 2008 Nov;52(11):4198-202. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00107-08. Epub 2008 Aug 25.PubMed PMID: 18725449

  14. Lee SG, Jeong SH, Lee H, Kim CK, Lee Y, Koh E, Chong Y, Lee K. Spread ofCTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among bloodstream isolates ofEscherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from a Korean hospital. DiagnMicrobiol Infect Dis. 2009 Jan;63(1):7680. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.09.002. PubMed PMID: 19073302

  15. Chanawong A, M'Zali FH, Heritage J, Xiong JH, Hawkey PM. Three cefotaximases, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14, among Enterobacteriaceae in the People'sRepublic of China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Mar;46(3):630-7. PubMedPMID: 11850241

  16. Chen Y, Shoichet B, Bonnet R. Structure, function, and inhibition along thereaction coordinate of CTX-M beta-lactamases. J Am Chem Soc. 2005 Apr20;127(15):5423-34. PubMed PMID: 15826180;PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1360657

  17. Bae IK, Lee YN, Lee WG, Lee SH, Jeong SH. Novel complex class 1 integronbearing an ISCR1 element in an Escherichia coli isolate carrying the blaCTX-M-14 gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Aug;51(8):3017-9. Epub 2007 May 21.PubMed PMID: 17517851

  18. Navarro F, Mesa RJ, Miró E, Gómez L, Mirelis B, Coll P. Evidence forconvergent evolution of CTX-M-14 ESBL in Escherichia coli and its prevalence.FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Aug;273(1):120-3. Epub 2007 Jun 7. PubMed PMID:17559406

  19. Chen L, Hu H, Chavda KD, Zhao S, Liu R, Liang H, Zhang W, Wang X, Jacobs MR,Bonomo RA, Kreiswirth BN. Complete Sequence of a KPC-Producing IncNMultidrug-Resistant Plasmid from an Epidemic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131Strain in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Apr;58(4):2422-5. doi:10.1128/AAC.02587-13. Epub 2014 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 24395232

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  21. Lee SY, Park YJ, Yu JK, Jung S, Kim Y, Jeong SH, Arakawa Y. Prevalence ofacquired fosfomycin resistance among extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producingEscherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Korea andIS26-composite transposon surrounding fosA3. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012Dec;67(12):2843-7. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks319. Epub 2012 Aug 14. PubMed PMID:22893681

  22. Literacka E, Bedenic B, Baraniak A, Fiett J, Tonkic M, Jajic-Bencic I,Gniadkowski M. blaCTX-M genes in escherichia coli strains from Croatian Hospitalsare located in new (blaCTX-M-3a) and widely spread (blaCTX-M-3a and blaCTX-M-15) genetic structures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Apr;53(4):1630-5. doi:10.1128/AAC.01431-08. Epub 2009 Feb 2. PubMed PMID: 19188377

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  24. Kiratisin P, Apisarnthanarak A, Saifon P, Laesripa C, Kitphati R, Mundy LM.The emergence of a novel ceftazidime-resistant CTX-M extended-spectrumbeta-lactamase, CTX-M-55, in both community-onset and hospital-acquired infections in Thailand. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;58(3):349-55. Epub2007 Apr 20. PubMed PMID: 17449211

  25. Ma J, Liu JH, Lv L, Zong Z, Sun Y, Zheng H, Chen Z, Zeng ZL. Characterization of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase genes found among Escherichia coli isolates from duck and environmental samples obtained on a duck farm. Appl Environ Microbiol.2012 May;78(10):3668-73. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07507-11. Epub 2012 Mar 9. PubMed PMID:22407683

  26. Sabaté M, Tarragó R, Navarro F, Miró E, Vergés C, Barbé J, Prats G. Cloning and sequence of the gene encoding a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase(CTX-M-9)from Escherichia coli in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000Jul;44(7):1970-3.PubMed PMID: 10858363

  27. Tian SF, Chen BY, Chu YZ, Wang S. Prevalence of rectal carriage ofextended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among elderly people in community settings in China. Can J Microbiol. 2008 Sep;54(9):781-5. doi:10.1139/w08-059. PubMed PMID: 18772941

  28. Tian GB, Wang HN, Zou LK, Tang JN, Zhao YW, Ye MY, Tang JY, Zhang Y, Zhang AY,Yang X, Xu CW, Fu YJ. Detection of CTX-M-15, CTX-M-22, and SHV-2extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli fecal-sampleisolates from pig farms in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009 Apr;6(3):297-304.doi: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0164. PubMed PMID: 19272004

  29. Pallecchi L, Bartoloni A, Fiorelli C, Mantella A, Di Maggio T, Gamboa H,Gotuzzo E, Kronvall G, Paradisi F, Rossolini GM. Rapid dissemination anddiversity of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in commensalEscherichia coli isolates from healthy children from low-resource settings inLatin America. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Aug;51(8):2720-5.Epub 2007 Jun 4. PubMed PMID: 17548490

  30. Deng Y, He L, Chen S, Zheng H, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Sun Y, Ma J, Chen Z, Liu JH.F33:A-:B- and F2:A-:B- plasmids mediate dissemination of rmtB-blaCTX-M-9 groupgenes and rmtB-qepA in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from pets in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Oct;55(10):4926-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00133-11. Epub 2011Jul 25. PubMed PMID: 21788459

  31. Zheng H, Zeng Z, Chen S, Liu Y, Yao Q, Deng Y, Chen X, Lv L, Zhuo C, Chen Z,Liu JH. Prevalence and characterisation of CTX-M ß-lactamases amongst Escherichiacoli isolates from healthy food animals in China. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012Apr;39(4):305-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.12.001. Epub 2012 Feb 9. PubMed PMID: 22325120

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CARB

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CEPA

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CFXA

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CKO

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CBLA

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CME

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CumA

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CME

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  2. Lin XH, Xu YH, Sun XH, Huang Y, Li JB. Genetic diversity analyses of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical Chryseobacterium meningo septicum isolated from Hefei, China. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012 Aug;40(2):186-8. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.03.020. Epub 2012 May 19. PubMed PMID: 22612901

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DES

  1. Morin AS, Poirel L, Mory F, Labia R, Nordmann P. Biochemical-genetic analysis and distribution of DES-1, an Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Oct;46(10):3215-22.PubMed PMID: 12234847

ERP

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FAR

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  2. O'Brien FG, Price C, Grubb WB, Gustafson JE. Genetic characterization of the fusidic acid and cadmium resistance determinants of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB101. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Sep;50(3):313-21.PubMed PMID: 12205055

FONA

FEC

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GES

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  3. Correia M, Boavida F, Grosso F, Salgado MJ, Lito LM, Cristino JM, Mendo S,Duarte A. Molecular characterization of a new class 3 integron in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Sep;47(9):2838-43.PubMed PMID:12936982

  4. Poirel L, Carattoli A, Bernabeu S, Bruderer T, Frei R, Nordmann P. A novel IncQ plasmid type harbouring a class 3 integron from Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Aug;65(8):1594-8. doi:10.1093/jac/dkq166. Epub 2010Jun 5. PubMed PMID: 20525990

  5. Dubois V, Poirel L, Marie C, Arpin C, Nordmann P, Quentin C. Molecular characterization of a novel class 1 integron containing bla(GES-1) and a fused product of aac3-Ib/aac6'-Ib' gene cassettes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AntimicrobAgents Chemother. 2002 Mar;46(3):638-45.PubMed PMID:11850242

  6. da Fonseca EL, Vieira VV, Cipriano R, Vicente AC. Emergence of blaGES-5 inclinical colistin-only-sensitive (COS) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in Brazil. JAntimicrob Chemother. 2007 Mar;59(3):576-7. Epub 2007 Feb 6.PubMed PMID:17284538

  7. Papagiannitsis CC, Tzouvelekis LS, Miriagou V. Relative strengths of the class1 integron promoter hybrid 2 and the combinations of strong and hybrid 1 with an active p2 promoter. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jan;53(1):277-80. doi:10.1128/AAC.00912-08. Epub 2008 Nov 10.PubMed PMID: 19001114

  8. Viedma E, Juan C, Acosta J, Zamorano L, Otero JR, Sanz F, Chaves F, Oliver A. Nosocomial spread of colistin-only-sensitive sequence type 235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases GES-1 andGES-5 in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov;53(11):4930-3. doi:10.1128/AAC.00900-09. Epub 2009 Sep 8.PubMed PMID: 19738007;

  9. Poirel L, Weldhagen GF, Naas T, De Champs C, Dove MG, Nordmann P. GES-2, a class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with increased hydrolysis of imipenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Sep;45(9):2598-603.PubMed PMID:11502535

  10. Vourli S, Giakkoupi P, Miriagou V, Tzelepi E, Vatopoulos AC, Tzouvelekis LS.Novel GES/IBC extended-spectrum beta-lactamase variants with carbapenemase activity in clinical enterobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004 May 15;234(2):209-13. PubMed PMID: 15135524

  11. Wachino J, Doi Y, Yamane K, Shibata N, Yagi T, Kubota T, Ito H, Arakawa Y.Nosocomial spread of ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing a novel class a beta-lactamase, GES-3, in a neonatal intensive care unit in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Jun;48(6):1960-7.PubMed PMID:15155185

  12. Wachino J, Doi Y, Yamane K, Shibata N, Yagi T, Kubota T, Arakawa Y. Molecular characterization of a cephamycin-hydrolyzing and inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase, GES-4, possessing a single G170S substitution in the omega-loop. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Aug;48(8):2905-10. PubMed PMID: 15273099

  13. Vourli S, Giakkoupi P, Miriagou V, Tzelepi E, Vatopoulos AC, Tzouvelekis LS.Novel GES/IBC extended-spectrum beta-lactamase variants with carbapenemase activity in clinical enterobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004 May 15;234(2):209-13. PubMed PMID: 15135524

  14. Girlich D, Poirel L, Szczepanowski R, Schlüter A, Nordmann P.Carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-5-encoding gene on different plasmid types recoveredfrom a bacterial community in a sewage treatment plant. Appl Environ Microbiol.2012 Feb;78(4):1292-5. doi: 10.1128/AEM.06841-11. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PubMed PMID:22156421

  15. Labuschagne Cde J, Weldhagen GF, Ehlers MM, Dove MG. Emergence of class 1 integron-associated GES-5 and GES-5-like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in South Africa. Int J AntimicrobAgents. 2008 Jun;31(6):527-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.01.020. Epub 2008 Apr 23.PubMed PMID: 18436436

  16. da Fonseca EL, Vieira VV, Cipriano R, Vicente AC. Emergence of blaGES-5 in clinical colistin-only-sensitive (COS) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in Brazil. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Mar;59(3):576-7. Epub 2007 Feb 6.PubMed PMID:17284538.

  17. Viedma E, Juan C, Acosta J, Zamorano L, Otero JR, Sanz F, Chaves F, Oliver A. Nosocomial spread of colistin-only-sensitive sequence type 235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases GES-1 and GES-5 in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov;53(11):4930-3. doi:10.1128/AAC.00900-09. Epub 2009 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 19738007

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  19. Poirel L, Carrër A, Pitout JD, Nordmann P. Integron mobilization unit as asource of mobility of antibiotic resistance genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2009 Jun;53(6):2492-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00033-09. Epub 2009 Mar 30.PubMed PMID:19332679

  20. Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Diversity of clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Aeromonas spp. from the Seine River, Paris,France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Mar;55(3):1256-61. doi:10.1128/AAC.00921-10. Epub 2010 Dec 13.PubMed PMID: 21149627

  21. Moura A, Pereira C, Henriques I, Correia A. Novel gene cassettes and integronsin antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from urban wastewaters. Res Microbiol.2012 Feb;163(2):92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.10.010. Epub 2011 Nov 16.PubMed PMID: 22127350

  22. Gillings MR, Holley MP, Stokes HW. Evidence for dynamic exchange of qac genecassettes between class 1 integrons and other integrons in freshwater biofilms.FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2009 Jun;296(2):282-8. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01646.x. Epub 2009 May 8.PubMed PMID: 19459951

  23. Barrios H, Garza-Ramos U, Ochoa-Sanchez LE, Reyna-Flores F, Rojas-Moreno T,Morfin-Otero R, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Garza-Gonzalez E, Gonzalez G, Volkow P,Cornejo-Juarez P; Red-MEReBa Study Group, Silva-Sanchez J. A plasmid-encodedclass 1 integron contains GES-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in Mexico. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012Jul;56(7):4032-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05980-11. Epub 2012 Apr 23. PubMed PMID:22526300

  24. Moubareck C, Brémont S, Conroy MC, Courvalin P, Lambert T. GES-11, a novel integron-associated GES variant in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Aug;53(8):3579-81. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00072-09. Epub 2009 May 18.PubMed PMID: 19451292

  25. Bogaerts P, Naas T, El Garch F, Cuzon G, Deplano A, Delaire T, Huang TD,Lissoir B, Nordmann P, Glupczynski Y. GES extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Belgium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010Nov;54(11):4872-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00871-10. Epub 2010 Aug 30. PubMed PMID:20805394

  26. Bonnin RA, Nordmann P, Potron A, Lecuyer H, Zahar JR, Poirel L.Carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Acinetobacterbaumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Jan;55(1):349-54. doi:10.1128/AAC.00773-10. Epub 2010 Oct 18. PubMed PMID: 20956589

  27. Delbrück H, Bogaerts P, Kupper MB, Rezende de Castro R, Bennink S, GlupczynskiY, Galleni M, Hoffmann KM, Bebrone C. Kinetic and crystallographic studies of extended-spectrum GES-11, GES-12, and GES-14 β-lactamases. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 2012 Nov;56(11):5618-25. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01272-12. Epub 2012 Aug 20.PubMed PMID: 22908160

  28. Bogaerts P, Naas T, El Garch F, Cuzon G, Deplano A, Delaire T, Huang TD,Lissoir B, Nordmann P, Glupczynski Y. GES extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Belgium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010Nov;54(11):4872-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00871-10. Epub 2010 Aug 30. PubMed PMID:20805394

  29. Kotsakis SD, Papagiannitsis CC, Tzelepi E, Legakis NJ, Miriagou V, TzouvelekisLS. GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Mar;54(3):1331-3. doi:10.1128/AAC.01561-09. Epub 2010 Jan 11. PubMed PMID: 20065056

  30. Bebrone C, Bogaerts P, Delbrück H, Bennink S, Kupper MB, Rezende de Castro R, Glupczynski Y, Hoffmann KM. GES-18, a new carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-Typeβ-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that contains Ile80 and Ser170 residues. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jan;57(1):396-401. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01784-12.Epub 2012 Oct 31.PubMed PMID: 23114760

HERA

  1. Beauchef-Havard A, Arlet G, Gautier V, Labia R, Grimont P,Philippon A. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel class A beta-lactamase(HERA-1) from Escherichia hermannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Aug;47(8):2669-73.PubMed PMID: 12878539

HUGA

  1. Liassine N, Madec S, Ninet B, Metral C, Fouchereau-Peron M, Labia R,Auckenthaler R. Postneurosurgical meningitis due to Proteus penneri with selection of a ceftriaxone-resistant isolate: analysis of chromosomal class Abeta-lactamase HugA and its LysR-type regulatory protein HugR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Jan;46(1):216-9. PubMed PMID: 11751137

IBC

  1. Vourli S, Tzouvelekis LS, Tzelepi E, Lebessi E, Legakis NJ, Miriagou V.Characterization of In111, a class 1 integron that carries the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaIBC-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Aug 8;225(1):149-53.PubMed PMID: 12900034.

  2. Mavroidi A, Tzelepi E, Tsakris A, Miriagou V, Sofianou D, Tzouvelekis LS. Anintegron-associated beta-lactamase (IBC-2) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is avariant of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase IBC-1. J Antimicrob Chemother.2001 Nov;48(5):627-30. PubMed PMID: 11679551

IMI

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  2. Rojo-Bezares B, Martín C, López M, Torres C, Sáenz Y. First detection of blaIMI-2 gene in a clinical Escherichia coli strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2012 Feb;56(2):1146-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05478-11. Epub 2011 Nov 21.PubMed PMID:22106212

  3. Yu YS, Du XX, Zhou ZH, Chen YG, Li LJ. First isolation of blaIMI-2 in an Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate from China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2006 Apr;50(4):1610-1.PubMed PMID: 16569898

  4. Chu YW, Tung VW, Cheung TK, Chu MY, Cheng N, Lai C, Tsang DN, Lo JY.Carbapenemases in enterobacteria, Hong Kong, China, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011Jan;17(1):130-2. doi: 10.3201/eid1701.101443.PubMed PMID: 21192875

KPC

  1. Yigit H, Queenan AM, Rasheed JK, Biddle JW, Domenech-Sanchez A, Alberti S,Bush K, Tenover FC. Carbapenem-resistant strain of Klebsiella oxytoca harboring carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Dec;47(12):3881-9.PubMed PMID: 14638498

  2. Smith Moland E, Hanson ND, Herrera VL, Black JA, Lockhart TJ, Hossain A, Johnson JA, Goering RV, Thomson KS. Plasmid-mediated, carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamase, KPC-2, in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Mar;51(3):711-4.PubMed PMID: 12615876

  3. Naas T, Nordmann P, Vedel G, Poyart C. Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Oct;49(10):4423-4.PubMed PMID: 16189140

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KLUA

KLUC

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KLUG

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KLUY

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LAP

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LEN

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LUT

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LRG

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MAL

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NMC

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OHIO

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ORN

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OXY

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OKP

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PEN

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PER

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PLA

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PSE

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ROB

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RAHN

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RTG

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SME

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SCO

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SFO

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SFC

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SHV

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SED

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TER

TLA

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TOHO

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TEM

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  3. Sarno R, McGillivary G, Sherratt DJ, Actis LA, Tolmasky ME. Complete nucleotide sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae multiresistance plasmid pJHCMW1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Nov;46(11):3422-7. PubMed PMID: 12384346

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  5. Doublet B, Praud K, Bertrand S, Collard JM, Weill FX, Cloeckaert A. Novel insertion sequence- and transposon-mediated genetic rearrangements in genomic island SGI1 of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Oct;52(10):3745-54. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00525-08. Epub 2008 Aug 1. PubMed PMID: 18676889

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  8. Zarnayová M, Siebor E, Péchinot A, Duez JM, Bujdáková H, Labia R, Neuwirth C.  Survey of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a Slovak hospital: dominance of SHV-2a and characterization of TEM-132. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Jul;49(7):3066-9. PubMed PMID: 15980402

  9. Poyart C, Mugnier P, Quesne G, Berche P, Trieu-Cuot P. A novelextended-spectrum TEM-type beta-lactamase (TEM-52) associated with decreased susceptibility to moxalactam in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jan;42(1):108-13. PubMed PMID: 9449269; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC105464.Ho PL, Ho AY, Chow KH, Wong RC, Duan RS, Ho WL, Mak GC, Tsang KW, Yam WC, Yuen KY. Occurrence and molecular analysis of extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase-producing Proteus mirabilis in Hong Kong, 1999-2002. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 Jun;55(6):840-5. Epub 2005 Apr 27. PubMed PMID: 15857942

  10. Novais A, Baquero F, Machado E, Cantón R, Peixe L, Coque TM. International spread and persistence of TEM-24 is caused by the confluence of highly penetrating enterobacteriaceae clones and an IncA/C2 plasmid containing Tn1696::Tn1 and IS5075-Tn21. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb;54(2):825-34.  doi: 10.1128/AAC.00959-09. Epub 2009 Dec 7. PubMed PMID: 19995930

  11. Arlet G, Goussard S, Courvalin P, Philippon A. Sequences of the genes for the TEM-20, TEM-21, TEM-22, and TEM-29 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob  Agents Chemother. 1999 Apr;43(4):969-71. PubMed PMID: 10103213

  12. Baraniak A, Fiett J, Mrówka A, Walory J, Hryniewicz W, Gniadkowski M. Evolution of TEM-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains in Poland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 May;49(5):1872-80. PubMed PMID: 15855509;

  13. Sřndergaard A, San Millan A, Santos-Lopez A, Nielsen SM, Gonzalez-Zorn B, Nřrskov-Lauritsen N. Molecular organization of small plasmids bearing blaTEM-1 and conferring resistance to ß-lactams in Haemophilus influenzae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Sep;56(9):4958-60. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00408-12. Epub 2012 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 22733069

  14. Cloeckaert A, Praud K, Doublet B, Bertini A, Carattoli A, Butaye P, Imberechts H, Bertrand S, Collard JM, Arlet G, Weill FX. Dissemination of an extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase blaTEM-52 gene-carrying IncI1 plasmid in various Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from poultry and humans in Belgium and France between 2001 and 2005. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 May;51(5):1872-5. Epub 2007 Feb 26. PubMed PMID: 17325216

  15. Ohnishi M, Ono E, Shimuta K, Watanabe H, Okamura N. Identification of TEM-135 beta-lactamase in penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jul;54(7):3021-3. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00245-10. Epub 2010 Apr 26.PubMed PMID: 20421400

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  17. Siu LK, Ho PL, Yuen KY, Wong SS, Chau PY. Transferable hyperproduction of TEM-1 beta-lactamase in Shigella flexneri due to a point mutation in the pribnow  box. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Feb;41(2):468-70. PubMed PMID: 9021210

  18. Perilli M, Mugnaioli C, Luzzaro F, Fiore M, Stefani S, Rossolini GM, Amicosante G. Novel TEM-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, TEM-134, in a Citrobacter koseri clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Apr;49(4):1564-6. PubMed PMID: 15793140

  19. Mugnier P, Dubrous P, Casin I, Arlet G, Collatz E. A TEM-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Nov;40(11):2488 93. PubMed PMID: 8913451;

  20. Bailey JK, Pinyon JL, Anantham S, Hall RM. Distribution of the blaTEM gene and blaTEM-containing transposons in commensal Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Apr;66(4):745-51. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq529. Epub 2011 Jan 20. PubMed PMID: 21393132

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  22. Heritage J, Gascoyne-Binzi DM, Hawkey PM, Todd N, Lewis IJ, Bailey C. Molecular epidemiology of ceftazidime resistant Enterobacteriaceae from patients on a paediatric oncology ward. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995 Jul;36(1):65-82. PubMed PMID: 8537285

  23. Bermudes H, Jude F, Chaibi EB, Arpin C, Bebear C, Labia R, Quentin C. Molecular characterization of TEM-59 (IRT-17), a novel inhibitor-resistant TEM-derived beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella oxytoca. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Jul;43(7):1657-61. PubMed PMID: 10390218

  24. Chouchani C, Berlemont R, Masmoudi A, Galleni M, Frere JM, Belhadj O, Ben-Mahrez K. A novel extended-spectrum TEM-type beta-lactamase, TEM-138, from Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Sep;50(9):3183-5. PubMed PMID: 16940125

  25. Kermas R, Touati A, Brasme L, Le Magrex-Debar E, Mehrane S, Weill FX, De Champs C. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica serotype Brunei and Heidelberg at the Hussein Dey hospital in Algiers (Algeria). Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2012 Sep;9(9):803-8. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1159. Epub 2012 Aug 7. PubMed PMID: 22871227

  26. Franceschini N, Perilli M, Segatore B, Setacci D, Amicosante G, Mazzariol A, Cornaglia G. Ceftazidime and aztreonam resistance in Providencia stuartii: characterization of a natural TEM-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, TEM-60. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jun;42(6):1459-62. PubMed PMID: 9624494

  27. Gniadkowski M, Schneider I, Jungwirth R, Hryniewicz W, Bauernfeind A. Ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from three Polish hospitals: identification of three novel TEM- and SHV-5-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Mar;42(3):514-20. PubMed PMID: 9517925

  28. Robin F, Delmas J, Archambaud M, Schweitzer C, Chanal C, Bonnet R. CMT-type beta-lactamase TEM-125, an emerging problem for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jul;50(7):2403-8. PubMed PMID: 16801418

  29. Barthélémy M, Péduzzi J, Rowlands D, Paul G, Moreau G, Labia R. Val-237 for Ala substitution in the TEM-2 beta-lactamase dramatically alters the catalytic efficiencies towards carbenicillin and ticarcillin. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994 Apr 15;117(3):333-9. PubMed PMID: 8200509

  30. De Champs C, Chanal C, Sirot D, Baraduc R, Romaszko JP, Bonnet R, Plaidy A, Boyer M, Carroy E, Gbadamassi MC, Laluque S, Oules O, Poupart MC, Villemain M, Sirot J. Frequency and diversity of Class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in hospitals of the Auvergne, France: a 2 year prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 Sep;54(3):634-9. Epub 2004 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 15282240

  31. Smet A, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Vandekerckhove TT, Martel A, Deforce D, Butaye P, Haesebrouck F. Complete nucleotide sequence of CTX-M-15-plasmids from clinical Escherichia coli isolates: insertional events of transposons and insertion sequences. PLoS One. 2010 Jun 18;5(6):e11202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011202. PubMed PMID: 20585456

  32. Robin F, Delmas J, Brebion A, Dubois D, Constantin JM, Bonnet R. TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Nov;51(11):4181-3. Epub 2007 Aug 20. PubMed PMID: 17709463

  33. Bradford PA, Jacobus NV, Bhachech N, Bush K. TEM-28 from an Escherichia coli clinical isolate is a member of the His-164 family of TEM-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jan;40(1):260-2.PubMed PMID: 8787920

  34. Leflon-Guibout V, Speldooren V, Heym B, Nicolas-Chanoine M. Epidemiological survey of amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance and corresponding molecular mechanisms in Escherichia coli isolates in France: new genetic features of bla(TEM) genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Oct;44(10):2709-14. PubMed PMID: 10991849

  35. Brińas L, Zarazaga M, Sáenz Y, Ruiz-Larrea F, Torres C. Beta-lactamases in ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from foods, humans, and healthy animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Oct;46(10):3156-63. PubMed PMID: 12234838

  36. Robin F, Delmas J, Schweitzer C, Tournilhac O, Lesens O, Chanal C, Bonnet R. Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Apr;51(4):1304-9. Epub 2007 Jan 12. PubMed PMID: 17220412

  37. Mulvey MR, Boyd DA. TEM-168, a heretofore laboratory-derived TEM beta-lactamase variant found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate. Antimicrob  Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov;53(11):4955-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00547-09. Epub 2009 Aug 17.PubMed PMID: 19687235

  38. Robin F, Delmas J, Chanal C, Sirot D, Sirot J, Bonnet R. TEM-109 (CMT-5), a natural complex mutant of TEM-1 beta-lactamase combining the amino acid substitutions of TEM-6 and TEM-33 (IRT-5). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Nov;49(11):4443-7.PubMed PMID: 16251281

  39. Barroso H, Freitas-Vieira A, Duarte A. Molecular characterization of a ceftazidime-resistant Morganella morganii isolate producing a TEM-10 beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Feb;43(2):434-5.PubMed PMID :9989337

  40. Tristram SG, Pitout MJ, Forward K, Campbell S, Nichols S, Davidson RJ. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Mar;61(3):509-14. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkm523. Epub 2008 Feb 1. PubMed PMID: 18245789

  41. Perilli M, Segatore B, de Massis MR, Riccio ML, Bianchi C, Zollo A, Rossolini GM, Amicosante G. TEM-72, a new extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detected in Proteus mirabilis and Morganella morganii in Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Sep;44(9):2537-9.PubMed PMID: 10952610

  42. Tessier F, Arpin C, Allery A, Quentin C. Molecular characterization of a TEM-21 beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of Morganella morganii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Aug;42(8):2125-7. PubMed PMID: 9687421

VHH

  1. JW, Suwanto A, Poh CL. Novel beta-lactamase genes from two environmental isolates of Vibrio harveyi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 May;44(5):1309-14.PubMed PMID: 10770767

Class C

ACC

  1. Sanschagrin F, Bejaoui N, Levesque RC. Structure of CARB-4 and AER-1 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1998 Aug;42(8):1966-72. PubMed PMID: 9687391

ACT

  1. Bradford PA, Urban C, Mariano N, Projan SJ, Rahal JJ, Bush K. Imipenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with the combination of ACT-1, a plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase, and the foss of an outer membrane protein. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Mar;41(3):563-9. PubMed PMID: 9055993

  2. Shimizu-Ibuka A, Bauvois C, Sakai H, Galleni M. Structure of theplasmid-mediated class C beta-lactamase ACT-1. Acta Crystallogr Sect F StructBiol Cryst Commun. 2008 May 1;64(Pt 5):334-7. doi:10.1107/S1744309108008531.Epub 2008 Apr 5.PubMed PMID: 18453698

BIL

  1. Forsman M, Häggström B, Lindgren L, Jaurin B. Molecular analysis of beta-lactamases from four species of Streptomyces:comparison of amino acid sequences with Those of other beta-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol.1990Mar;136(3):589-98.PubMed PMID: 2391

CFE

  1. Sanschagrin F, Bejaoui N, Levesque RC. Structure of CARB-4 and AER-1 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1998 Aug;42(8):1966-72. PubMed PMID: 9687391

CMY

  1. Bauernfeind A, Stemplinger I, Jungwirth R, Giamarellou H. Characterization of the plasmidic beta-lactamase CMY-2, which is responsible for cephamycin resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jan;40(1):221-4.PubMed PMID:8787910

  2. Decré D, Verdet C, Raskine L, Blanchard H, Burghoffer B, Philippon A, Sanson-Le-Pors MJ, Petit JC, Arlet G. Characterization of CMY-typebeta-lactamases in clinical strains of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in four hospitals in the Paris area. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Nov;50(5):681-8.PubMed PMID: 12407124

  3. Colinon C, Miriagou V, Carattoli A, Luzzaro F, Rossolini GM. Characterization of the IncA/C plasmid pCC416 encoding VIM-4 and CMY-4 beta-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Aug;60(2):258-62. Epub 2007 May 31.PubMed PMID:17540674

  4. Call DR, Singer RS, Meng D, Broschat SL, Orfe LH, Anderson JM, Herndon DR,Kappmeyer LS, Daniels JB, Besser TE. blaCMY-2-positive IncA/C plasmids from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica are a distinct component of a larger lineage of plasmids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb;54(2):590-6. doi:10.1128/AAC.00055-09. Epub 2009 Nov 30.PubMed PMID: 19949054

  5. Literacka E, Empel J, Baraniak A, Sadowy E, Hryniewicz W, Gniadkowski M. Four variants of the Citrobacter freundii AmpC-Type cephalosporinases, including novel enzymes CMY-14 and CMY-15, in a Proteus mirabilis clone widespread in Poland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Nov;48(11):4136-43.PubMed PMID: 15504832

  6. Harada S, Ishii Y, Saga T, Tateda K, Yamaguchi K. Chromosomally encoded blaCMY-2 located on a novel SXT/R391-related integrating conjugative element in a Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Sep;54(9):3545-50. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00111-10. Epub 2010 Jun 21.PubMed PMID:20566768

  7. D'Andrea MM, Nucleo E, Luzzaro F, Giani T, Migliavacca R, Vailati F, Kroumova V, Pagani L, Rossolini GM. CMY-16, a novel acquired AmpC-type beta-lactamase of the CMY/LAT lineage in multifocal monophyletic isolates of Proteus mirabilis from northern Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Feb;50(2):618-24.PubMed PMID: 16436718

  8. Stapleton PD, Shannon KP, French GL. Carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli associated with plasmid-determined CMY-4 beta-lactamase production and loss of an outer membrane protein. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 May;43(5):1206-10.PubMed PMID: 10223937

  9. Lee SH, Kim JY, Lee GS, Cheon SH, An YJ, Jeong SH, Lee KJ. Characterization of bla CMY-11, an AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase gene in a Korean clinicalisolate of Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Feb;49(2):269-73.PubMed PMID: 11815567

  10. Lee SH, Jeong SH, Park YM. Characterization of blaCMY-10 a novel,plasmid-encoded AmpC-type beta-lactamase gene in a clinical isolate of Enterobacter aerogenes. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(4):744-52.PubMed PMID:12969288

  11. Zioga A, Whichard JM, Kotsakis SD, Tzouvelekis LS, Tzelepi E, Miriagou V.CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids. AntimicrobAgents Chemother. 2009 Mar;53(3):1256-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01284-08. Epub 2008 Dec22.PubMed PMID: 19104021

  12. Pan J, Hu L, Yu F, Chen C, Zhang X. Coexistence of multipleantimicrobial-resistance genes in a carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundiiclinical isolate from China. J Med Microbiol. 2010 May;59(Pt 5):622-3. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.016287-0. Epub 2010 Jan 28.PubMed PMID: 20110384

  13. Wu SW, Dornbusch K, Kronvall G, Norgren M. Characterization and nucleotidesequence of a Klebsiella oxytoca cryptic plasmid encoding a CMY-typebeta-lactamase: confirmation that the plasmid-mediated cephamycinase originatedfrom the Citrobacter freundii AmpC beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1999 Jun;43(6):1350-7.PubMed PMID: 10348751

  14. Endimiani A, Doi Y, Bethel CR, Taracila M, Adams-Haduch JM, O'Keefe A, HujerAM, Paterson DL, Skalweit MJ, Page MG, Drawz SM, Bonomo RA. Enhancing resistance tocephalosporins in class C beta-lactamases: impact of Gly214Glu in CMY-2.Biochemistry.2010 Feb 9;49(5):1014-23. doi: 10.1021/bi9015549.PubMed PMID:19938877

  15. Doi Y, Paterson DL, Adams-Haduch JM, Sidjabat HE, O'Keefe A, Endimiani A,Bonomo RA. Reduced susceptibility to cefepime among Escherichia coli clinicalisolates producing novel variants of CMY-2 beta-lactamase. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 2009 Jul;53(7):3159-61. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00133-09. Epub 2009 May 4PubMed PMID: 19414578

DHA

  1. Yim G, Kwong W, Davies J, Miao V. Complex integrons containing qnrB4-ampC(bla(DHA-1)) in plasmids of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii from wastewater. Can J Microbiol. 2013 Feb;59(2):110-6. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2012-0576.Epub 2012 Nov 29.PubMed PMID: 23461518

  2. Yong D(1), Lim Y, Song W, Choi YS, Park DY, Lee H, Yum JH, Lee K, Kim JM, Chong Y. Plasmid-mediated, inducible AmpC beta-lactamase (DHA-1)-producing Enterobacteriaceae at a Korean hospital: wide dissemination in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca and emergence in Proteus mirabilis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005 Sep;53(1):65-70.PubMed PMID: 15936167

  3. Wei ZQ, Chen YG, Yu YS, Lu WX, Li LJ. Nosocomial spread of multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae containing a plasmid encoding multiple beta-lactamases.JMed Microbiol. 2005 Sep;54(Pt 9):885-8.PubMed PMID: 16091442

  4. Verdet C, Benzerara Y, Gautier V, Adam O, Ould-Hocine Z, Arlet G. Emergence of DHA-1-producing Klebsiella spp. in the Parisian region: genetic organization of the ampC and ampR genes originating from Morganella morganii. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 2006 Feb;50(2):607-17.PubMed PMID: 16436717

  5. Muratani T, Kobayashi T, Matsumoto T. Emergence and prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to cephems in Japan. IntJ Antimicrob Agents. 2006 Jun;27(6):491-9. Epub 2006 May 15. PubMed PMID:16701983

  6. Koh TH, Sng LH, Wang G, Hsu LY, Lin RT, Tee NW. Emerging problems with plasmid-mediated DHA and CMY AmpC beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in Singapore. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 Sep;30(3):278-80. Epub 2007 Jun 22.PubMed PMID: 17587551

  7. FP, Xu XG, Zhu DM, Wang MG. Coexistence of qnrB4 and qnrS1 in a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008 Mar;29(3):320-4. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00757.x. PubMed PMID: 18298896

  8. Shen P, Wei Z, Jiang Y, Du X, Ji S, Yu Y, Li L. Novel genetic environment of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 among Enterobacteriaceae in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Oct;53(10):4333-8. doi:10.1128/AAC.00260-09. Epub 2009 Jul 20.PubMed PMID: 19620332

  9. Jiang Y, Yu D, Wei Z, Shen P, Zhou Z, Yu Y. Complete nucleotide sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrug resistance plasmid pKP048, carrying blaKPC-2,blaDHA-1, qnrB4, and armA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Sep;54(9):3967-9.doi: 10.1128/AAC.00137-10. Epub 2010 Jun 14.PubMed PMID: 20547789

  10. Hennequin C, Robin F, Cabrolier N, Bonnet R, Forestier C. Characterization of a DHA-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain involved in an  outbreak and roleof the AmpR regulator in virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012Jan;56(1):288-94. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00164-11. Epub 2011 Oct 10. PubMed PMID:21986829

  11. Pérez-Moreno MO, Estepa V, Sáenz Y, Cortell-Ortolá M, Fort-Gallifa I, Ruiz J,Torres C. Intrahospitalary dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae carryingbla(DHA-1) and qnrB4 genes within a novel complex class 1 integron. DiagnMicrobiol Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;73(2):210-1. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.02.011. Epub 2012 Mar 24.PubMed PMID: 22445644.

  12. Ruiz E, Sáenz Y, Zarazaga M, Rocha-Gracia R, Martínez-Martínez L, Arlet G,Torres C. qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiellaspp.: genetic environments and plasmid and chromosomal location. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Apr;67(4):886-97. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr548. Epub 2012 Jan 4.PubMed PMID: 22223228.

  13. Papanicolas LE, Bell JM, Weldhagen GF, Bastian I. Ceftriaxone treatmentfailure in cephalosporin-susceptible Escherichia coli bacteraemia. Int JAntimicrob Agents. 2013 Mar;41(3):298-9. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.11.008.Epub 2013 Jan 9.PubMed PMID: 23312600

  14. Barnaud G, Arlet G, Verdet C, Gaillot O, Lagrange PH, Philippon A. Salmonellaenteritidis: AmpC plasmid-mediated inducible beta-lactamase (DHA-1) with an ampR gene from Morganella morganii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Sep;42(9):2352-8.PubMed PMID: 9736562

  15. Verdet C, Arlet G, Barnaud G, Lagrange PH, Philippon A. A novel integron in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, carrying the bla(DHA-1) gene and its regulator gene ampR, originated from Morganella morganii. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 2000 Jan;44(1):222-5.PubMed PMID: 10602756

EBC

  1. Sanschagrin F, Bejaoui N, Levesque RC. Structure of CARB-4 and AER-1 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1998 Aug;42(8):1966-72. PubMed PMID: 9687391

FOX

  1. Gonzalez Leiza M, Perez-Diaz JC, Ayala J, Casellas JM, Martinez-Beltran J,Bush K, Baquero F. Gene sequence and biochemical characterization of FOX-1 from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a new AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase with two molecular variants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Sep;38(9):2150-7.PubMed PMID: 7811034

  2. Bauernfeind A, Wagner S, Jungwirth R, Schneider I, Meyer D. A novel class C beta-lactamase (FOX-2) in Escherichia coli conferring resistance to cephamycins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Sep;41(9):2041-6.PubMed PMID: 9303413

  3. Marchese A, Arlet G, Schito GC, Lagrange PH, Philippon A. Characterization of FOX-3, an AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an Italian isolate of Klebsiella oxytoca. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Feb;42(2):464-7. PubMed PMID: 9527810

  4. Bou G, Oliver A, Ojeda M, Monzón C, Martínez-Beltrán J. Molecular characterization of FOX-4, a new AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an Escherichia coli strain isolated in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Sep;44(9):2549-53.PubMed PMID: 10952615

  5. Queenan AM, Jenkins S, Bush K. Cloning and biochemical characterization of FOX-5, an AmpC-type plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase from a New York City Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001Nov;45(11):3189-94.PubMed PMID: 11600376

LAT

  1. Gazouli M, Tzouvelekis LS, Prinarakis E, Miriagou V, Tzelepi E. Transferable cefoxitin resistance in enterobacteria from Greek hospitals and characterization of a plasmid-mediated group 1 beta-lactamase (LAT-2). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jul;40(7):1736-40.PubMed PMID: 8807075

  2. Gazouli M, Tzouvelekis LS, Vatopoulos AC, Tzelepi E. Transferable class C beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated in Greek hospitals and characterization of two enzyme variants (LAT-3 and LAT-4) closely related to Citrobacter freundii AmpC beta-lactamase. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998 Oct;42(4):419-25.PubMed PMID: 9818739

MIR

  1. Papanicolaou GA, Medeiros AA, Jacoby GA. Novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase(MIR-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Nov;34(11):2200-9.PubMed PMID: 1963529

  2. Gan HM, McGroty SE, Chew TH, Chan KG, Buckley LJ, Savka MA, Hudson AO.Whole-genome sequence of Enterobacter sp. strain SST3, an endophyte isolated from Jamaican sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) stalk tissue. J Bacteriol. 2012 Nov;194(21):5981-2. doi: 10.1128/JB.01469-12.PubMed PMID: 23045495

MOX

  1. Ye Y, Xu XH, Li JB. Emergence of CTX-M-3, TEM-1 and a new plasmid-mediated MOX-4 AmpC in a multiresistant Aeromonas caviae isolate from a patient with pneumonia. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Jul;59(Pt 7):843-7. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.016337-0.Epub 2010 Mar 25.PubMed PMID: 20339022

SRT

  1. Matsumura N, Minami S, Mitsuhashi S. Sequences of homologous beta-lactamases from clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens with different substrate specificities. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jan;42(1):176-9. PubMed PMID:9449282

  • Wu LT, Tsou MF, Wu HJ, Chen HE, Chuang YC, Yu WL. Survey of CTX-M-3extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among cefotaxime-resistant Serratia marcescens at a medical center in middle Taiwan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004Jun;49(2):125-9.PubMed PMID: 15183862

    • SST

    1. Matsumura N, Minami S, Mitsuhashi S. Sequences of homologous beta-lactamases from clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens with different substrate specificities. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jan;42(1):176-9. PubMed PMID:PubMed PMID:9449282

    AmpC

    1. Lindberg F, Normark S. Sequence of the Citrobacter freundii OS60 chromosomal ampC beta-lactamase gene. Eur J Biochem. 1986 May 2;156(3):441-5. PubMed PMID:3486121

  • Tsukamoto K, Tachibana K, Yamazaki N, Ishii Y, Ujiie K, Nishida N, Sawai T.Role of lysine-67 in the active site of class C beta-lactamase from Citrobacter freundii GN346. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Feb 22;188(1):15-22.PubMed PMID: 1969344

  • Sawai T, Yamaguchi A, Tsukamoto K. Amino acid sequence, active-site residue,and effect of suicide inhibitors on cephalosporinase ofCitrobacter freundiiGN346. Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Jul-Aug;10(4):721-5.PubMed PMID: 3263684

  • Yamaguchi A, Adachi H, Sawai T. Identification of the active site of Citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase using dansyl-penicillin. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jun 22;218(1):126-30.PubMed PMID: 3496243

  • Oefner C, D'Arcy A, Daly JJ, Gubernator K, Charnas RL, Heinze I, Hubschwerlen C, Winkler FK. Refined crystal structure of beta-lactamase from Citrobacter freundii indicates a mechanism for beta-lactam hydrolysis. Nature. 1990 Jan 18;343(6255):284-8.PubMed PMID: 2300174.

  • Galleni M, Lindberg F, Normark S, Cole S, Honore N, Joris B, Frere JM.Sequence and comparative analysis of three Enterobacter cloacae ampC beta-lactamase genes and their products. Biochem J. 1988 Mar 15;250(3):753-60.PubMed PMID: 3260487

  • Lobkovsky E, Moews PC, Liu H, Zhao H, Frere JM, Knox JR. Evolution of an enzyme activity: crystallographic structure at 2-A resolution of cephalosporinase from the ampC gene of Enterobacter cloacae P99 and comparison with a class A penicillinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 1;90(23):11257-61.PubMed PMID:8248237

  • Lobkovsky E, Billings EM, Moews PC, Rahil J, Pratt RF, Knox JR.Crystallographic structure of a phosphonate derivative of the Enterobacter cloacae P99 cephalosporinase: mechanistic interpretation of a beta-lactamase transition-state analog. Biochemistry. 1994 Jun 7;33(22):6762-72.PubMed PMID:8204611

  • Barnaud G, Arlet G, Danglot C, Philippon A. Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the AmpC beta-lactamase of Morganella morganii. FEMS Microbiol Lett.1997 Mar 1;148(1):15-20.PubMed PMID: 9066104

  • Michaux C, Massant J, Kerff F, Frčre JM, Docquier JD, Vandenberghe I, Samyn B,Pierrard A, Feller G, Charlier P, Van Beeumen J, Wouters J. Crystal structure of a cold-adapted class C beta-lactamase. FEBS J. 2008 Apr;275(8):1687-97. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06324.x. Epub 2008 Feb 29.PubMed PMID:18312599

  • Feller G, Zekhnini Z, Lamotte-Brasseur J, Gerday C. Enzymes from cold-adapted microorganisms. The class C beta-lactamase from the antarctic psychrophile Psychrobacter immobilis A5. Eur J Biochem. 1997 Feb 15;244(1):186-91. PubMed PMID: 9063463

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    • Class D

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    Sub-Class B1

    BCII

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    DIM

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    EBR

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    GIM

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    IMP

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    2. Chu YW, Afzal-Shah M, Houang ET, Palepou MI, Lyon DJ, Woodford N, LivermoreDM. IMP-4, a novel metallo-beta-lactamase from nosocomial Acinetobacter spp.collected in Hong Kong between 1994 and 1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001Mar;45(3):710-4.PubMed PMID: 11181348

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    IND

    1. Bellais S, Poirel L, Leotard S, Naas T, Nordmann P. Genetic diversity of carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamases from Chryseobacterium(Flavobacterium) indologenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000Nov;44(11):3028-34.PubMed PMID: 11036018

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    4. Tullius MV, Munson RS Jr, Wang J, Gibson BW. Purification, cloning, and expression of a cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase fromHaemophilus ducreyi. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 28;271(26):15373-80. PubMed PMID:8663048

    5. Bozue JA, Tullius MV, Wang J, Gibson BW, Munson RS Jr. Haemophilus ducreyiproduces a novel sialyltransferase. Identification of the sialyltransferase gene and construction of mutants deficient in the production of the sialicacid-containing glycoform of the lipooligosaccharide. J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb12;274(7):4106-14.PubMed PMID: 9933604.

    JOHN

    1. Naas T, Bellais S, Nordmann P. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae. JAntimicrob Chemother. 2003 Feb;51(2):267-73.PubMed PMID: 12562690

    KHM

    1. Sekiguchi J, Morita K, Kitao T, Watanabe N, Okazaki M, Miyoshi-Akiyama T,Kanamori M, Kirikae T. KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008Nov;52(11):4194-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01337-07. Epub 2008 Sep 2. PubMed PMID:18765691

    MUS

    1. Sekiguchi J, Morita K, Kitao T, Watanabe N, Okazaki M, Miyoshi-Akiyama T,Kanamori M, Kirikae T. KHM-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamasefrom a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008Nov;52(11):4194-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01337-07. Epub 2008 Sep 2.PubMed PMID:18765691

    NDM

    1. Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, Cho HS, Sundman K, Lee K, Walsh TR.Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novelery thromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiellapneumoniae sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009Dec;53(12):5046-54. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00774-09. Epub 2009 Sep 21.PubMed PMID:19770275

    2. Kumarasamy KK, Toleman MA, Walsh TR, Bagaria J, Butt F, Balakrishnan R,Chaudhary U, Doumith M, Giske CG, Irfan S, Krishnan P, Kumar AV, Maharjan S,Mushtaq S, Noorie T, Paterson DL, Pearson A, Perry C, Pike R, Rao B, Ray U, SarmaJB, Sharma M, Sheridan E, Thirunarayan MA, Turton J, Upadhyay S, Warner M,Welfare W, Livermore DM, Woodford N. Emergence of a new antibiotic resistancemechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, andepidemiological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010 Sep;10(9):597-602. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70143-2. Epub 2010 Aug 10.PubMed PMID: 20705517

    3. Espinal P, Fugazza G, López Y, Kasma M, Lerman Y, Malhotra-Kumar S, GoossensH, Carmeli Y, Vila J. Dissemination of an NDM-2-producing Acinetobacter baumanniiclone in an Israeli rehabilitation center. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011Nov;55(11):5396-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00679-11. Epub 2011 Aug 8. PubMed PMID:21825296

    4. Kaase M, Nordmann P, Wichelhaus TA, Gatermann SG, Bonnin RA, Poirel L. NDM-2carbapenemase in Acinetobacter baumannii from Egypt. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011Jun;66(6):1260-2. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr135. Epub 2011 Mar 21.PubMed PMID:21427107

    5. Cuzon G, Bonnin RA, Nordmann P. First identification of novel NDM carbapenemase, NDM-7, in Escherichia coli in France. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 12;8(4):e61322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061322. Print 2013.PubMed PMID:23593461

    6. Hornsey M, Phee L, Wareham DW. A novel variant, NDM-5, of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase in a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST648 isolate recovered from a patient in the United Kingdom. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011Dec;55(12):5952-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05108-11. Epub 2011 Sep 19. PubMed PMID:21930874

    SPM

    1. Wachino J, Yamaguchi Y, Mori S, Kurosaki H, Arakawa Y, Shibayama K. Structuralinsights into the subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase SMB-1 and the mode of inhibition by the common metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor mercaptoacetate.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jan;57(1):101-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01264-12.Epub 2012 Oct 15. PubMed PMID: 23070156;

    SLB

    1. Poirel L, Héritier C, Nordmann P. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class B beta-lactamases from Shewanella livingstonensis (SLB-1) and Shewanella frigidimarina (SFB-1). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005May;55(5):680-5. Epub 2005 Mar 16. PubMed PMID: 15772146.

    SFB

    1. Nordmann P. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class B beta-lactamases from Shewanella livingstonensis(SLB-1) and Shewanella frigidimarina (SFB-1). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005May;55(5):680-5. Epub 2005 Mar 16.PubMed PMID: 15772146

    SIM

    1. Zhou Z, Du X, Wang L, Yang Q, Fu Y, Yu Y. Clinical carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baylyi strain coharboring blaSIM-1 and blaOXA-23 from China.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Nov;55(11):5347-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00425-11.Epub 2011 Aug 29.PubMed PMID: 21876057;

    2. Lee K, Yum JH, Yong D, Lee HM, Kim HD, Docquier JD, Rossolini GM, Chong Y. Novel acquired metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(SIM-1), in a class 1 integronfrom Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Korea. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 2005 Nov;49(11):4485-91.PubMed PMID: 16251286;

    3. Kim CK, Lee Y, Lee H, Woo GJ, Song W, Kim MN, Lee WG, Jeong SH, Lee K, ChongY. Prevalence and diversity of carbapenemases among imipenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter isolates in Korea: emergence of a novel OXA-182. Diagn MicrobiolInfect Dis. 2010 Dec;68(4):432-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.07.014. Epub2010 Sep 29.PubMed PMID: 20884158

    TMB

    1. Suzuki S, Matsui M, Suzuki M, Sugita A, Kosuge Y, Kodama N, Ichise Y, Shibayama K. Detection of tripoli metallo-β-lactamase 2 (TMB-2), a variant of blaTMB-1, in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. in Japan. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Jun;68(6):1441-2. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt031. Epub 2013 Feb 6. PubMed PMID: 23390208

    TUS

    1. Mammeri H, Bellais S, Nordmann P. Chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases TUS-1 andMUS-1 from Myroides odoratus and Myroides odoratimimus (formerly Flavobacteriumodoratum), new members of the lineage of molecular subclass B1 metalloenzymes.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Nov;46(11):3561-7.PubMed PMID: 12384365

    VIM

    1. Tsakris A, Ikonomidis A, Pournaras S, Tzouvelekis LS, Sofianou D, Legakis NJ,Maniatis AN. VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii. EmergInfect Dis. 2006 Jun;12(6):981-3.PubMed PMID: 16707056;

    2. Yum JH, Yi K, Lee H, Yong D, Lee K, Kim JM, Rossolini GM, Chong Y. Molecularcharacterization of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter genomospecies 3 from Korea: identification of two new integrons carrying the bla(VIM-2) gene cassettes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002May;49(5):837-40.PubMed PMID: 12003980

    3. Lee MF, Peng CF, Hsu HJ, Chen YH. Molecular characterisation of themetallo-beta-lactamase genes in imipenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from a university hospital in southern Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Dec;32(6):475-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.07.009. Epub 2008 Sep 19.PubMed PMID: 18804966

    4. Loli A, Tzouvelekis LS, Tzelepi E, Carattoli A, Vatopoulos AC, Tassios PT,Miriagou V. Sources of diversity of carbapenem resistance levels in Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaVIM-1. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Sep;58(3):669-72. Epub2006 Jul 26. PubMed PMID: 16870645

    5. Papagiannitsis CC, Kotsakis SD, Petinaki E, Vatopoulos AC, Tzelepi E, MiriagouV, Tzouvelekis LS. Characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-27, an A57Smutant of VIM-1 associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147. Antimicrob AgentsChemother. 2011 Jul;55(7):3570-2. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00238-11. Epub 2011 Apr 25.PubMed PMID: 21518835;

    6. Bogaerts P, de Castro RR, Deplano A, Bouchahrouf W, Tsobo C, Denis O,Glupczynski Y. Detection of a VIM-27-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in a patient following surgical tourism in Greece. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011Sep;55(9):4488-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00688-11. Epub 2011 Jul 11. PubMed PMID:21746946

    7. Kristóf K, Tóth A, Damjanova I, Jánvári L, Konkoly-Thege M, Kocsis B, KoncanR, Cornaglia G, Szego E, Nagy K, Szabó D. Identification of a blaVIM-4 gene inthe internationally successful Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 clone and in a Klebsiella oxytoca strain in Hungary. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010Jun;65(6):1303-5. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq133. Epub 2010 Apr 21.PubMed PMID:20410063

    8. Rodriguez-Martinez JM, Nordmann P, Fortineau N, Poirel L. VIM-19, ametallo-beta-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichiacoli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010Jan;54(1):471-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00458-09. Epub 2009 Nov 16. PubMed PMID:19917750

    9. Koh TH, Wang GC, Sng LH. IMP-1 and a novel metallo-beta-lactamase, VIM-6, influorescent pseudomonads isolated in Singapore. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004Jun;48(6):2334-6.PubMed PMID: 15155248

    Sub-Class B2

    CPHA

    1. Massidda O, Rossolini GM, Satta G. The Aeromonas hydrophila cphA gene:molecular heterogeneity among class B metallo-beta-lactamases. J Bacteriol. 1991Aug;173(15):4611-7.PubMed PMID: 1856163

    SFH

    1. Poirel L, Nordmann P. A novel and hybrid composite transposon atthe origin of acquisition of bla(RTG-5) in Acinetobacter baumannii. Int JAntimicrob Agents. 2012 Sep;40(3):257-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.002. Epub 2012 May 23.PubMed PMID: 22633451.

    2. Potron A, Poirel L, Croizé J, Chanteperdrix V, Nordmann P. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-typebeta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2009 Jul;53(7):3010-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01164-08. Epub 2009 Apr 20. PubMed PMID: 19380596

    ImiS

    1. Walsh TR, Neville WA, Haran MH, Tolson D, Payne DJ, Bateson JH, MacGowan AP,Bennett PM. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the metallo-beta-lactamase,ImiS, from Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998Feb;42(2):436-9.PubMed PMID: 9527802

    Sub-Class B3

    AIM

    1. Sanschagrin F, Bejaoui N, Levesque RC. Structure of CARB-4 and AER-1 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1998 Aug;42(8):1966-72. PubMed PMID: 9687391

    AMO

    1. Sanschagrin F, Bejaoui N, Levesque RC. Structure of CARB-4 and AER-1 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1998 Aug;42(8):1966-72. PubMed PMID: 9687391

    BJP

    1. Forsman M, Häggström B, Lindgren L, Jaurin B. Molecular analysis of beta-lactamases from four species of Streptomyces:comparison of amino acid sequences with Those of other beta-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol. 1990 Mar;136(3):589-98.PubMed PMID: 2391

    CAU

    1. Forsman M, Häggström B, Lindgren L, Jaurin B. Molecular analysis of beta-lactamases from four species of Streptomyces:comparison of amino acid sequences with Those of other beta-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol.1990Mar;136(3):589-98.PubMed PMID: 2391

    CRB

    1. Rossolini GM, Franceschini N, Lauretti L, Caravelli B, Riccio ML, Galleni, Frčre JM, Amicosante G. Cloning of a Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium)meningosepticum chromosomal gene (blaA(CME)) encoding an extended-spectrum classA beta-lactamase related to the Bacteroides cephalosporinases and the VEB-1 and PER beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Sep;43(9):2193-9.PubMed PMID: 10471563

    2. Lin XH, Xu YH, Sun XH, Huang Y, Li JB. Genetic diversity analyses of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical Chryseobacterium meningo septicum isolated from Hefei, China. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012 Aug;40(2):186-8. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.03.020. Epub 2012 May 19. PubMed PMID: 22612901

    3. Bellais S, Poirel L, Naas T, Girlich D, Nordmann P. Genetic-biochemical analysis and distribution of the Ambler class A beta-lactamase CME-2, responsible for extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) meningosepticum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Jan;44(1):1-9.PubMed PMID: 10602714

    FEZ

    1. Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River,Paris, France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):328-32. doi:10.1128/AAC.00961-09. Epub 2009 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 1990109

    GOB

    1. Yum JH, Lee EY, Hur SH, Jeong SH, Lee H, Yong D, Chong Y, Lee EW, Nordmann P,Lee K. Genetic diversity of chromosomal metallo-beta-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica from Korea. J Microbiol. 2010Jun;48(3):358-64. doi: 10.1007/s12275-010-9308-5. Epub 2010 Jun 23. PubMed PMID: 20571954

    2. Morán-Barrio J, González JM, Lisa MN, Costello AL, Peraro MD, Carloni P,Bennett B, Tierney DL, Limansky AS, Viale AM, Vila AJ. The metallo-beta-lactamase GOB is a mono-Zn(II) enzyme with a novel active site. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun22;282(25):18286-93. Epub 2007 Apr 2. PubMed PMID:17403673

    3. Bellais S, Aubert D, Naas T, Nordmann P. Molecular and biochemical heterogeneity of class B carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases in Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000Jul;44(7):1878-86. PubMed PMID: 10858348

    L1

    1. Walsh TR, Hall L, Assinder SJ, Nichols WW, Cartwright SJ, MacGowan AP, Bennett PM. Sequence analysis of the L1 metallo-beta-lactamase from Xanthomonas maltophilia. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Jun 21;1218(2):199-201.PubMed PMID: 8018721

    2. Ullah JH, Walsh TR, Taylor IA, Emery DC, Verma CS, Gamblin SJ, Spencer J. The crystal structure of the L1 metallo-beta-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at 1.7 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 1998 Nov 20;284(1):125-36.PubMed PMID: 9811546

    3. Hu RM, Huang KJ, Wu LT, Hsiao YJ, Yang TC. Induction of L1 and L2 beta-lactamases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Mar;52(3):1198-200. Epub 2007 Dec 17.PubMed PMID: 18086856

    4. Zhang L, Li XZ, Poole K. Multiple antibiotic resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: involvement of a multidrug efflux system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Feb;44(2):287-93.PubMed PMID: 10639352;PubMed Central PMCID: PMC89673

    5. Chang YC, Huang YW, Chiang KH, Yang TC, Chung TC. Introduction of an AmpR-L2 intergenic segment attenuates the induced beta-lactamase activity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Jul;29(7):887-90. doi: 10.1007/s10096-010-0924-0. Epub 2010 Apr 16.PubMed PMID: 20397035

    6. Hornung C, Poehlein A, Haack FS, Schmidt M, Dierking K, Pohlen A, Schulenburg H, Blokesch M, Plener L, Jung K, Bonge A, Krohn-Molt I, Utpatel C, Timmermann G, Spieck E, Pommerening-Röser A, Bode E, Bode HB, Daniel R, Schmeisser C, Streit WR. The Janthinobacterium sp. HH01 genome encodes a homologue of the V. cholerae CqsA and L. pneumophila LqsA autoinducer synthases. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55045.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055045. Epub 2013 Feb 6.PubMed PMID: 23405110

    LRA

    1. Allen HK, Moe LA, Rodbumrer J, Gaarder A, Handelsman J. Functional metagenomics reveals diverse beta-lactamases in a remote Alaskan soil. ISME J.2009 Feb;3(2):243-51. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.86. Epub 2008 Oct 9. PubMed PMID:18843302

    MLB1B

    1. Simm AM, Higgins CS, Pullan ST, Avison MB, Niumsup P, Erdozain O, Bennett PM, Walsh TR. A novel metallo-beta-lactamase, Mbl1b, produced by the environmental bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. FEBS Lett. 2001 Dec 14;509(3):350-4. PubMed PMID: 11749954

    POM

    1. Thaller MC, Borgianni L, Di Lallo G, Chong Y, Lee K, Dajcs J, Stroman D,Rossolini GM. Metallo-beta-lactamase production by Pseudomonas otitidis: aspecies-related trait. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Jan;55(1):118-23. doi:10.1128/AAC.01062-10. Epub 2010 Nov 8.PubMed PMID: 21060106

    THIN-B

    1. Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River,Paris, France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):328-32. doi:10.1128/AAC.00961-09. Epub 2009 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 1990109

    SMB

    1. Wachino J, Yamaguchi Y, Mori S, Kurosaki H, Arakawa Y, Shibayama K. Structuralinsights into the subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase SMB-1 and the mode of inhibition by the common metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor mercaptoacetate.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jan;57(1):101-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01264-12.Epub 2012 Oct 15. PubMed PMID: 23070156;