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BacEffluxPred is a SVM based 2-tier predictor of bacterial antibiotic resistance efflux (ARE) proteins and their sub-families. In response to a query protein sequence submission, it first predicts whether the query sequence is ARE protein or not. (Tier-I Prediction, Fig. 1). If the query sequence will be predicted as a non-ARE protein, the program will stop automatically. In case the query sequence will be predicted to be an ARE protein, BacEffluxPred will move forward and predict the family of efflux protein to which the predicted ARE might belong (Tier-II Prediction, Fig. 1):

1. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems are universally distributed among living organisms and function in many different aspects of bacterial physiology. ABC transporters are best known for their role in the import of essential nutrients and the export of toxic molecules, but they can also mediate the transport of many other physiological substrates. READ MORE



2. The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are membrane proteins which are expressed ubiquitously in all kingdoms of life for the import/export of target substrates. READ MORE



3. The Resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily (RND)

RND (Resistance-Nodulation-Division) family transporters are widespread especially among Gram-negative bacteria, and catalyze the active efflux of many antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. READ MORE



4. Multi antimicrobial extrusion protein family (MATE)

Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein (MATE) also known as multidrug and toxin extrusion or multidrug and toxic compound extrusion is a family of proteins which function as drug/sodium or proton antiporters. READ MORE



The ROC plot (Fig.2) supported the conclusion that both SVM modules have very high prediction efficiency on both tiers.



Citing BacEffluxPred: Pandey D, Kumari B, Singhal N, Kumar M (2020) BacEffluxPred: A two-tier system to predict and categorize bacterial efflux mediated antibiotic resistance proteins. Scientific Reports 10:9287; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65981-3

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